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A Brain Pickings project edited by Maria Popova in partnership with Noodle.
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People who feel they deserve success are among those most likely to fail when challenges arise, research from New Zealand has revealed.

[…]

“People who believe that they don’t need to work for good grades – that they are just entitled to them by right – are annoying, but there wasn’t any evidence before now that it’s actually a self-destructive strategy,” says study co-author Professor Jamin Halberstadt, at the University of Ontago in New Zealand.

[…]

The study also supports the notion that people who feel excessively entitled believe that others are responsible for their success or failure, and are less motivated to put in extra effort when required.

“When an entitled person encounters obstacles to achieving an outcome, they feel like they shouldn’t have to work for it,” Jamin says. “In fact, you should see a challenge as evidence that you need to work harder.”

Australian study confirms that entitlement is the enemy of excellence. Pair with the psychology of how to prevent such entitlement when raising children. 
Sleep plays an important role in the brain’s ability to consolidate learning when two new potentially competing tasks are learned in the same day.

So says new research from the University of Chicago, which might explain why a famous inventor like Edison would be so particular about his sleep.

Previous research has shown that sleep helps regulate negative emotions

The maths gender gap continues to exist, with boys continuing to outperform girls at all levels. But what is more striking is the extent of the gap at the top, between the brightest girls compared to the brightest boys. This is where we see the biggest gap in maths, despite recent reports that the gap is closing. … Given it’s usually the highest performing students that are likely to go on to higher education or in to jobs in science and technology, this has huge implications for initiatives which have been designed to encourage girls into STEM fields and reduce gender discrimination. They seem ineffective, given this gap between boys and girls remains.
The couples in our study who lacked clarity on what, when, and how household tasks and responsibilities would be carried out often said thatthey felt drained and rushed and had difficulty communicating theirdissatisfaction in their lives. Spouses who appeared to have a clear andrespectful understanding of one another’s roles and tasks, in contrast,did not spend as much time negotiating responsibilities; their daily livesseemed to flow more smoothly.
The secret to a happy marriage? Chores, say the researchers behind Fast-Forward Family: Home, Work, and Relationships in Middle-Class America.

A new study by the University of Sussex finds that the repetition is important for little learners.

Dr. Jessica Horst and her researchers say that children who were read the same story three times back-to-back, instead of three different stories, actually retain 3.6 of the new words they’ve been introduced to instead of the 2.6 of the “variety” group.

Researchers point to the benefits of reading, something that would make Nabokov nod.
This reminds me of the old quote from Tolstoy: Happy families are all alike. Unhappy families have kids under five or teenagers.
New study challenges the idea that having children makes you happier
Although gender differences on average are not under dispute, the idea of consistently and inflexibly gender-typed individuals is. … That is, there are not two distinct genders, but instead there are linear gradations of variables associated with sex, such as masculinity or intimacy, all of which are continuous.
In the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, a new analysis of 122 different characteristics from 13,301 individuals across 13 studies throws cold water in the face of the assumption that men and women are inherently different.

In a series of experiments, they have demonstrated that people attach greater value to things they built than if the very same product was built by someone else. And in new experiments published recently, they’ve discovered why it happens: Building your own stuff boosts your feelings of pride and competence, and also signals to others that you are competent.

There is an insidious element here: People made to feel incompetent may be more vulnerable to the Ikea Effect. On the other hand, Mochon has found, when people are given a self-esteem boost, they appear to be less interested in demonstrating to themselves and to others that they are competent.

The science of the Ikea Effect – or, why you love what you’ve built yourself, even if it’s imperfect.
On the heels of a 15-year-old girl’s brave and brilliant choice to come out to her parents via cake, a new study shows people who come out are happier and healthier

On the heels of a 15-year-old girl’s brave and brilliant choice to come out to her parents via cake, a new study shows people who come out are happier and healthier

The people who multitask the most tend to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, overconfident of their multitasking abilities, and they tend to be less capable of multitasking.
Surprising findings from a new study on multitasking, which we already know is a myth

ANY list of the leading novelists of the 19th century, writing in English, would almost surely include Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Mark Twain.

But they do not appear at the top of a list of the most influential writers of their time. Instead, a recent study has found, Jane Austen, author of “Pride and Prejudice, “ and Sir Walter Scott, the creator of “Ivanhoe,” had the greatest effect on other authors, in terms of writing style and themes.

These two were “the literary equivalent of Homo erectus, or, if you prefer, Adam and Eve,” Matthew L. Jockers wrote in research published last year. He based his conclusion on an analysis of 3,592 works published from 1780 to 1900. It was a lot of digging, and a computer did it.

Researchers enlist big data in identifying the most influential authors in literary history. For a far less scientific and arguably far more fun take, see Circles of Influence
People don’t multitask because they’re good at it. They do it because they are more distracted.
Researchers at USC use groundbreaking real-time MRI to capture the vocal mechanics of a beatboxer in action. 
(ᔥ Laughing Squid)

Researchers at USC use groundbreaking real-time MRI to capture the vocal mechanics of a beatboxer in action. 

( Laughing Squid)

The paper, published in the journal Building and the Environment, found that classroom design could be attributed to a 25% impact, positive or negative, on a student’s progress over the course of an academic year. The difference between the best- and worst-designed classrooms covered in the study? A full year’s worth of academic progress.

[…]

So what did they find? Six of the design parameters—color, choice, complexity, flexibility, connection, and light—had a significant effect on learning. Light, as mentioned above, concerns the amount of natural light in the classroom and the quality of the electrical lights it contains. Choice has to do with the quality of the furniture in the classroom, as well as providing “interesting” and ergonomic tables and chairs for pupils. Complexity and color both have to do with providing an ample amount of visual stimulation for students in the classroom.

New study demonstrates how classroom design affects student learning. It would be curious to see a similar approach applied to the workplace and the design of the office. 
In my experience the habitual bodily expression of love has a deep psychological effect in making possible complete mental sympathy & perfecting the spiritual union that must be the lasting ‘marriage’ after the passion of love has passed away with the years.

Woman, born in 1867, responding to the world’s first and only Victorian sex survey, rediscovered a century later to debunk major cultural misconceptions about the era.

For a light companion, see this pop-up book about Victorian sex.